THE BASE
OBJECTIVE TEST
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
NB: THE QUESTIONS ARE DEEPENED AND BOLDENED
Cognitive development refers to lifelong changes in our
Personalities
Moral reasoning
Thought processes
Social interactions
During which of Jean Piaget's stages of development do children master the concept of conservations
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Formal operational
Concrete operational
Which term describes a relatively permanent change in behavior or the potential to make a response that occurs as a result of experience?
Learning
Cognition
Maturation
Perception
Who is most closely associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skimmer
Edward Tolman
Albert Bandura
Which two learning processes seem to be opposites?
Discrimination and extinction
Discrimination and acquisition
Generalization and acquisition
Generalization and discrimination
In which type of conditioning is the learner's behavior important in bringing about the learning?
Insightful
Modeling
Classical
Operant
A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is and thus the probability of response
Removed; increases
Removed; decreases
Presented; increases
Presented; decreases
What type of learning occurs when we observe people act?
Social learning
Insightful learning
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
"Out of sight, out of mind" is good summary of the view of a child who has not yet mastered....
Egocentrism
Conservation
Object permanence
Symbolic representation
A child who solves subtraction problems by drawing pictures of apples or balls and then marking some out is in which of Jean Piaget's stages of development?
Sensorimotor
Pre-occupational
Formal operational
Concrete operational
Which of the following has Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development is the sequence?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
Preoperational, formal operational concrete operational sensorimotor
Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
What is the sequence of stages of moral development identified by Lawrence Kohlberg?
Pre conventional, conventional, autonomous,
Preoperational, post operational, well view
Self-interest, community good, social integration
Concrete operational, formal operational, autonomous
The "aha" experience is known as
Latent learning
Insightful learning
Thoughtful learning
Social learning
What do we call learning that has taking place but not demonstrated?
Latent learning
Insightful learning
Thoughtful learning
Social learning
Which of the following ideas is an implication of Jean Piaget's findings in the classroom?
Teachers should not encourage root learning
Teachers should wait for pupils to be ready for the form of learning they offer
Teachers should use exposition teaching always
Teachers should concentrate on intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation
Which of the following affects the social development of the child most?
The child's emotions
The child's intellect
The child's socio-economic background
The child's size
Which of the following is NOT the theory of language development?
Innate mechanism theory
Social learning theory
Reinforcement theory
Biogenetic theory
Which of the following is a critical period for language development in children?
1 to 2 years
3 to 4 years
5 to 6 years
6 to 7 years
Which of the following persons was associated with reinforcement theory?
E. L. Thorndike
D. Ansubel
B. F. Skimmer
I. Pavlov
Which of the following language statements is true?
At every age, boys are more advanced in speech than girls
Infants begin to use words before they even understand what is said to them
Children understand more words than they use themselves
Infants can learn to speak full sentences outright and do not need to be thought language from phrase.
At which age do children convey their first meaningful words?
2 months
6 months
9 months
12 months
What term describes the inborn mechanism that Noam Chomsky proposes is responsible for language?
Innate language mechanism
Biological language predisposition
Nativist language program
Language acquisition device
Which of Eric Ericksons's psychosocial crises involves developing a sense of right or wrong?
Trust vs mistrust
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
A young child says "mommy go" signify that her mother is going to the market. What does this example illustrate about language development?
Bubbling speech
Over generalization
Telegraphic speech
Autonomous grammar
According to B. F. Skimmer, which of the following accounts for language development?
Linguistic acquisition device
Cultural expectations and family size
Modeling and reinforcement
Classical conditioning
During which of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development do children find 'good boy - nice girl' orientation?
Conventional role conformity
Instrumental relativist orientation
Post conventional
Obedience orientation
T1. Which of the following terms is used to denote a situation where the child judges what is right or wrong in terms of how they certify his/her needs?
Law and order orientations
Morality of personal conscious
Instrumental relativist orientation
Obedience and punishment orientation
At which stage of moral development do standards and values become internalized?
Preoperational
Pre conventional
Autonomous moral principle
Conventional role conformity
Which of Eric Erickson's psychosocial crises occur during adolescence?
Identity vs identity confusion
Generativity vs stagnation
Intimacy vs isolation
Integrity vs despair
In classical conditioning, repeated presentations of the conditioning stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (CS) lead to
Extinction
Generalization
Faster condition
Discrimination
31 .Your class teacher asked you to compare the effects of positive and negative reinforcement and report back to the class. What will you tell your classmate?
Punishment is like negative reinforcement and its effect on behavior
Negative reinforcement decreases responses, whereas positive reinforcement increases responses
Both increases responses
Neither increases responses
Which of the following types of learning is Jerome Bruner associated with?
Insightful learning
Reception learning
Discovery learning
Mastery learning
Which of the following statements appropriately describes cooperative learning?
Student doing a project work
Student working together to help each other learn
Students sharing information in a class discussion
Students learning independently and later discuss what each has learn
Which of the following persons is NOT a behavioral theorist?
B. F. Skimmer
Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
Noam Chomsky
Reinforcing a learner when he/she puts up a behavior that close to the desire goal is called....
Chaining
Extinction
Generalization
Shaping
The schedule of reinforcement that is resistant to extinction is reinforcement
Fix interval
Fixed ratio
Variable interval
Variable ratio
In learning, anything that strengthens the frequency of a behavior is refers to as a
Primary reinforcer
Reinforcer
Secondary reinforcer
Social reinforcer
According to Kohlberg theory, a person who obeys rules and regulations just to avoid punishment is operating at the Level of moral development
Conventional
Non-conventional
Post conventional
Pre-conventional
The girl who shares her toys with others only because she expects a favor in return is operating at the orientation stage of moral development
Good boy - nice girl
Instrumental relativist
Law and order
Obedience
A major cognitive achievement of the child at the sensorimotor stage is
Object permanence
Conservation
Serration
Mobility
ESSAY TYPE TESTS
1. What is meant by critical and sensitive periods in human development?
Describe any four critical or sensitive periods in child developmental and explain why these periods are seen as critical
2a) Explain the nature of the child in the following stages of psychosocial development of Erik Erikson.
Industry vrs inferiority
Identity vrs role confusion
b) Discuss any three ways in which the teacher can apply the knowledge of these stages in teaching school children.
OR
a) Describe the nature of Adolescent Cognitive development as proposed by Jean Piaget.
b. Explain any three ways in which the teacher can ensure the optimum intellectual development of students during this period.
3.
a. Distinguish between reception and discovery learning.
b. Discuss any five merits of using discovery learning in teaching.
4. Explain any two of the theories of forgetting.
b. Describe any four strategies the teacher can use in teaching to ensure that pupils remember what they have learned.
c. Explain any four reasons the concept of critical or sensitive periods is important in child growth and development.
5. a Describe the structure of the Information Processing Model of Memory.
Pls is that today's questions
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