THE BASE
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
INFORMATION LITERACY
Questions are boldened
What is information Literacy
Information literacy is the ability to use techniques and skills from wide range of information tools as well as primary sources in moulding information solutions to problem.
OR
Information literacy can also be defined as the body of knowledge, skills, competencies and understanding required by an individual to find information effectively and use it appropriately to meet the need that prompted its acquisition.
The ACRL has defined five(5) standards of information literacy, list and explain any
4 of them
To know : the information literacy student determines the nature and extent of the information needed
To access: the information literacy student access needed information effectively and efficiently
To evaluate: the information literacy student evaluates information and its sources critically and incorporates selected information into his or her knowledge base and value system.
To use : the information literacy student individually or as a member of a group uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
Ethical / legal: the information literacy student understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and access and uses information ethically and legally.
List four (4) types of libraries you know.
School library
Academic library
Special library
Public library
National library
List the three (3) main broad forms of libraries you know.
Traditional library
Electronic library / Digital library
Hybrid library
List five (5) services of an academic library.
Lending, electronic support, reference, inter-library lending and document, user education, reprographic,
List three (3) functions of a National library.
Legal deposit (the national library is supposed to receive free of charge at least one copy of every work published in the country).
Compilation of the national bibliography
Storage of numerous valuable works and rare books
Practical training for library personnel
Conducting research as a consultancy service for individuals and the nation
List five (5) advantages of traditional libraries.
No computer expertise is required on the part of the library staff and users
Documents can easily be photocopied
Can be used without electricity
Free and universal access to the collection
Stable collection
List five (5) disadvantages of digital libraries.
Difficulty of knowing and locating everything that is available and differentiating valuable from useless information if one is not a computer literate
Job loss for traditional publishers
It cannot be used when there is no electricity and inadequate bandwidth
It is more expensive to set up and manage
The content of some of the documents may not be well screened and validated
Give two (2) examples of directional tools in a library.
1. Bibliography 2. Indexes 3. Abstracts
List two (2) ways of arranging information in reference materials.
Alphabetical (as in the case of dictionaries and encyclopedia)
Tabular as found in mathematical and statistical works
Regional such as maps and atlases
Chronological (as in the case of the Bible and history books)
Classified- according to some features or characteristics (as in the bibliographies and directories)
Write down two (2) characteristics of reference materials.
They are not meant to be read from cover to cover
They are housed in separate sections of the library such as the Reference section
They are revised from time to time so as to keep abreast with recent developments
Write down three (3) uses of an encyclopedia.
Provide general background or historical information
Serve as guides to related topics within its pages or to outside sources of information (cross references and bibliographies)
Locate explanatory material or definitions
Teach research skills, that is, a systematic approach to gathering information.
What is a periodical?
A periodical is a serial publication with a distinctive title and which appears at a regular or irregular intervals, generally more than once per year, without prior decision as to when the last issue will appear, (eg. Ghana Library Journal 21(2),2009); The Mirror, 3058, 17th August, 2013; African Research Documentation 115, 2011.)
Give four (4) examples of periodicals.
Journals
Magazines
Newsletters
Bulletins
Reports
State the main functions of the academic library?
The main function of the academic library is to support the teaching, learning and research activities of the institution.
Mention two (2) users of the National Library
Researchers
Foreigners
Students
Academician
What is a reference material?
Reference materials or sources contain facts that have been brought together from many sources and organized for quick and easy use. Or
They are documents that contain information on any topic- be it an event or a person.
Mention four ways information in reference materials are arranged.
Alphabetical as in the case of dictionaries and encyclopedia.
Tabular as found in mathematical and statistical works
Regional such as maps and atlas
Chronological
Classified - according to some features or characteristics
State the four types of dictionaries
General dictionary
Translating dictionary
Subject dictionary
Specialized dictionary
State the four uses of dictionaries
They are used to define words
They are used to verify spelling
They are used for pronunciations / syllabication
They are used to check on usage or to determine the etymology of a word
They are used to standard the language based on current usage.
Define reference materials // sources. State any three characteristics of reference materials.
A. reference materials // sources: they contain facts that have been brought together from many sources and organized for quick and east use. OR
They are documents that contains information on any topic - be it an event or a person.
B) three characteristics of reference materials.
They are meant to be consulted in the library
They are not meant to be read from cover to cover
They are housed in separate sections of the library such as reference section.
They are revised from time to time so as to keep abreast with recent developments
A library usually buys a copy or in rare cases two or a set of one or two because they tend to be expensive.
What is a dictionary. Mention any three types of dictionary?
A dictionary is defined as a reference book or a set of books containing words and usually phrases, alphabetically arranged, together with information about them especially their forms, pronunciation, usage spellings and meaning.
Types of dictionary
Translating dictionaries: they are bilingual dictionaries. Thus the words in a particular
language is translated into two or more languages.
Subject dictionaries: they are peculiar to specific discipline for example the words
mouse and boot means different in the English dictionary and Technology dictionary.
General dictionaries (single language dictionary) , it covers all aspects of words in all
fields of knowledge.
Specialised dictionaries: deals with certain aspects of words such as abbreviations,
slangs, synonyms and antonyms.
What is an access point? Mention any three access points you studied
Access point:is a code, term or the like through which an entry in a bibliography record may be found. Or they are doorways or windows that can be used to trace a material in a catalogue or database.
Examples of access points: call mark, author, title, subject, series, ISBN
Briefly explain Catalogue?
A library catalogue is a list of documents in a library with the entries representing the documents arranged in some systematic order. OR A library catalogue is a register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries at several locations.
List any and explain three forms of Library catalogue
Card catalogue: it consist of multiple drawers containing 3x5 cards arranged
alphabetically by author, title and added entries
Book catalogue: list the library’s holdings in book form.
Microform catalogue: is a library’s holdings listed on micro format
Online catalogue /computer access catalogue: it is also called Online Public Access
Catalogue (OPAC), it can be accessed on computer terminals within a library or on the internet.
Mention any four guides to original cataloging
Read the introduction
Read the preface
Read the review
Examine the index
Take a close look at the text and illustrations
Consult a fellow professional
Express content as accuracy
State three reasons why library materials are catalogue
To enable a library user find a book of which the author, the title or the subject is known.
To show what the library has by a given author, on a given subject and in a given kind of literature.
To assist library users in the choice of a book as to its edition or as to its character.
What is a copyright? Mention any two copyright Acts of Ghana
Copyright is a legal term that describes the rights given to creators for their literacy and
artistic works OR Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. OR Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution.
Copyright Acts of Ghana
Copyright Act 85 of 1961
PNDCLawllO
Copyright Act 690 of 2005
What are the main issues in a copyright law
Gives monopoly to authors and creators in order to simulate intellectual and artistic creativity
authors and creators may transfer their monopolistic rights to publishers for marketing
Users/public have rights in the form of fair use
Mention any three items covered in the copyright law
Art, sound recordings, literature, musical works, computer programs, choreography, audio-visual works.
What is a Gazetteer? What are the uses of Gazetteer
Is an alphabetical arrangement of place names including both natural and manmade features and is often used alongside maps and atlas
uses of Gazetteer
Locate places
Check the approved names and places
Check the correct spelling of place names
What are the two (2) major ways of citing your sources within a text? Illustrate your Some examples of citations
American Psychological Association(APA)
Modern Language Association (MLA)
American Medical Association (AMA)
American Political Science Association (APSA)
Chicago /Turabian Style
Legal citation
Research by Alemna and Badu (2005) ....
According to Dhoti (1998), ‘’Students often had difficulty using APA style when it
was their first time” (p. 199)
What are the three (3) “exclusive rights” the creator of an original work enjoys under the copy right law
The right to make copies
The right to be credited for the work
The right to determine who may adapt the work to other derivative forms, such as translations, performance, financial benefit from the work, and
other related rights.
What is plagiarism and how would you avoid it?
Plagiarism means claiming or implying original authorship of (or incorporation material from) someone else’s written or creative work, in whole or in part, into one’s own without adequate acknowledgement.
Avoiding plagiarism:
Clearly acknowledging the source of any borrowed language or ideas that you
present in your own work.
One can learn to paraphrase without borrowing the language or structure used in an
original source
For how long will a creator of work enjoy “exclusive right” under the copyright law in Ghana.
The rights of the author are protected during the life of the author and seventy years after the death of the author
Where a work is co-authored, the rights of the authors referred to are protected during
the life of the last surviving author and seventy years after the death of that author.
Using the APA citation style, write a reference for the following bibliographic information: The title of the book is “ Introduction to Educational Psychology ”, written by Arnold K Nayak and Victor K Rao, and published in 2004 by A.P.H Publishing Corporation, in New Delhi
a. Nayak, A.K & Rao, V.K. (2004). Introduction to educational psychology. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.
Mention in full the two major citation styles you were taught and the disciplines associated with them
American Psychological Association (APA) style - Social sciences
Modern Languages Association (MLA) style - Humanities especially in writings of languages and literature.
List any two acts which will constitute plagiarism and state how to avoid them
Copying a text from the internet, a book, or an article without citing the source.
Copying statistics, maps, tables or charts without stating the source.
Provide the corresponding discipline of the following Library of Congress Classes:
T 2. J 3. N 4. S 5. Q 6.R
Write short notes on any two (2) of the following terms:
Copyright : Copyright- (WIPO) A legal term that describes the rights given to creators for their literacy and artistic works.
Classification: Classification- A process of grouping. It involves putting together like entities and separating unlike entities. Sayers(1975)- the arrangement of books on the shelves or descriptions of them, in the manner which is most useful to those who read.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism means claiming or implying original authorship of (or incorporation material from) someone else’s written or creative work, in whole or in part, into one’s own without adequate acknowledgement.
What do these abbreviations stand for? 4 Marks
ISBN -International Standard Book Number
ISSN - International Standard Serial Number
Searching on the internet can sometimes be an overwhelming task. State the basic steps one can employ to effectively retrieve information from the Internet.
Define your information need
Choose your search terms
Decide which sources/search tool to use
Find out how the search tool function
Run your search
Review and refine your search
State and explain three common usage of the Internet.
Communication
Entertainment
Education
Research
Information Dissemination
E-commerce
Online services
Write short notes on a browser.
A web browser is software or a program that is used to navigate or access the internet. Browsers can be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. It can also be used for communication and retrieval of information. Textbased browsers provide access to only text within web pages. Example LYNX, MOSAIC Graphic-based browsers on the other hand render web pages with text, graphic, video or audio content. Example: Internet explorer, Safari, Google Chrome, opera, mozillafirefox etc
State any two Internet search tools.
Search engines
Web directories/ Portal
Meta-search engines
Databases
The Internet is a large electronic network which has no centralized control; state and explain three (3) criteria you will use to evaluate any information from internet for academic purpose
Reliability
Accuracy
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Credibility (refer to characteristics of Information)
Outline three (3) disadvantages associated with the usage of the Internet
Identity theft
Spamming
Computer virus threat
Pornography
Briefly define bandwidth.
Bandwidth determines the speed and the amount of data or information that is transferred from one place to other on the internet. It is measured in bits per second (bps).The bigger the bandwidth size, the greater the volume of information that could be transmitted at a time, and the faster it will be to move information from one place to the other on the internet.
Mention three types of broadband connection.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection
Cable Modem connection
Satellite connection
Mention any three strategies you may use to locate information from the internet
Remove Unhelpful Words
Use Specific Keywords
Vary Your Search Engine
Refine Your Search Using Operator
simplify Your Search Terms
Use Quotation Marks
Avoid Search Pitfalls
Mention five types of information available online
a) Publications, Web documents, Online journals, Online books, Videos, Images, Audio, Business directories, Blogs
Write brief notes on the history of internet
Refer to page 103
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